Effectiveness of Fe3+-citrate and Fe3+-edta in ameliorating arsenic-toxicity (chlorosis) in hydroponic rice

Effectiveness of iron (Fe³⁺)-citrate and Fe³⁺-EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) in reducing arsenic (As)-toxicity in rice was evaluated. The treatments: 1) 0 µM As + 10 µM Fe³⁺-citrate (control), 2) 13.4 µM As + 10 µM Fe³⁺-citrate (As-treated), 3) 13.4 µM As + 10 µM Fe³⁺-citrate + 40 µM Fe³⁺-citrate (additional Fe³⁺-citrate), and 4) 13.4 µM As + 10 µM Fe³⁺-citrate + 40 µM Fe³⁺-EDTA (additional Fe³⁺-EDTA) were studied for 14 days. Chlorosis was found in the young leaves of the As-treated plants. Additional Fe³⁺-citrate failed to remediate the chlorosis, however, additional Fe³⁺-EDTA removed the chlorosis almost completely, indicating that the effectiveness of Fe³⁺-EDTA was much higher than Fe³⁺-citrate. The Fe³⁺-EDTA treated plants were greener than the additional Fe³⁺-citrate treated plants. Iron concentration in the shoots of additional Fe³⁺-EDTA plants was much higher than that of additional Fe³⁺-citrate plants, indicating that Fe³⁺-EDTA might have been more readily available to the plants roots than Fe³⁺-citrate.     

九宫山土壤剖面中黏土矿物的组成特征

以湖北省九宫山的4种垂直地带性土壤为对象,研究其剖面层次的黏土矿物组合和铁、铝氧化物的特征,揭示山地土壤中黏土矿物的变化特点。结果表明,随海拔升高,土壤中黏土矿物类型从以高岭石为主,逐渐变为以14.0?矿物、伊利石及三水铝石为主,有从1︰1型向2︰1型矿物过渡的趋势;不同层次的土壤中黏土矿物类型和相对含量变化明显;土壤随垂直高程的升高,其中游离态铁、铝减小,非晶形和络合态铁、铝增加,各种形态铁、铝氧化物的总量也增加。     

Stabilization of lead in two artificial contaminated calcareous soils using stabilized nanoscale zero-valent iron particles with/without chelating agents

Nanoscale zero-valent iron particles (nZVIs) have been used as the stabilizing materials for remediation of heavy metals (HMs). The usage of nZVIs in the presence of oxygen is a challenging task. When this material comes in contact to air, immediately oxide formation takes place. Thus, preparation of air-stable nZVIs is necessary for successful remediation process. Therefore, the present study has attempted to evaluate the effects of three kinds of synthesized nZVIs, including nZVI_EDTA (stabilized by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), nZVI_DTPA (stabilized by diethylenetriamine pentacetic acid) and nZVI (without chelating agent), to determine their ability to stabilize lead (Pb) in two Pb-spiked soils. Pb-spiked soils were separately incubated with additives at the rates of 0.5% and 2% (W/W) for 90 days. The efficacy of nZVIs was evaluated by desorption kinetic and chemical fractionation experiments. According to the results, addition of nZVI_EDTA, nZVI_DTPA and nZVI significantly decreased Pb release by 70.1–86.4%, 56.5–70.6% and 24.3–49.2%, respectively. Among the three kinds of nZVIs, nZVI_EDTA was the most effective treatment in decreasing desorption and mobility factor of Pb. In practice, all three kinds of nZVIs are effective in Pb immobilization, while application of nZVI_EDTA at the rate of 2% was the best treatment to immobilize Pb in polluted soils.     

不同纳米材料对As(Ⅲ)的吸附机制

为明确不同纳米材料对水中As(Ⅲ)的吸附效果和机制,筛选出经济有效的As污染吸附材料,采用批处理振荡平衡法,研究了多层氧化石墨烯(多层GO)、20 nm羟基磷灰石(P20)、40 nm羟基磷灰石(P40)以及纳米零价铁(n Fe)对As(Ⅲ)的吸附差异性。结果表明,不同纳米材料对As(Ⅲ)的吸附能力存在显著差异(P0.05),吸附容量的大小顺序为多层GO(17.4 mg·g~(-1))P20(2.74 mg·g~(-1))P40(2.17 mg·g~(-1))n Fe(0.976 mg·g~(-1))。其中,多层GO对As(Ⅲ)的吸附效果最好,其饱和吸附量是nFe的17.8倍。通过能量弥散X射线谱(EDS)、X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)等对不同纳米材料吸附As(Ⅲ)前后进行分析,证实了多层GO的吸附机制是以单层化学吸附为主;P20、P40、nFe吸附机制为材料表面的聚沉吸附及含氧官能团与As(Ⅲ)发生络合等反应的吸附。实验结果表明多层GO可作为吸附材料用于As(Ⅲ)污染水体的修复。     

负载型纳米零价铁(nZVI)强化垂直流人工湿地反硝化作用研究

通过在垂直流人工湿地缺氧反硝化区添加负载型纳米零价铁(n ZVI),分析不同负载型n ZVI投加量对反硝化的影响,研究不同进水C/N条件下负载型nZVI参与反硝化的效果。结果表明:投加负载型nZVI 4 g的人工湿地装置对硝氮去除效果最佳,当C/N为6、HRT=1 d、进水NO_3~--N为50 mg·L~(-1)时,其NO_3~--N去除率比未添加负载型n ZVI的人工湿地装置提高15%;随负载型n ZVI投加量的增加,人工湿地装置出水pH值和NH_4~+-N、NO_2~--N的浓度增加;在进水C/N为0、2、4、6的人工湿地装置中,其对NO_3~--N的去除率随C/N升高而升高;统计分析表明,进水C/N与负载型n ZVI投加量对人工湿地反硝化都具有显著影响,且两者具有协同作用,碳源的存在可以促进负载型nZVI参与人工湿地反硝化。     

严寒地区碳化稻壳生物净化地下水高铁锰研究

采用碳化稻壳吸附-优势巨大芽孢杆菌生物氧化-活性炭除菌耦合净化严寒地区地下水中高铁锰,探究联合滤柱低温快速启动方法,基于接触氧化法与生物法对比分析成熟稻壳滤柱沿程除铁效果与反应速率,考查特定进水锰含量梯度下进水总铁浓度对生物除铁锰影响。结果表明,优势菌液全循环、低滤速运行方式使生物除铁锰活性滤膜成熟且稳定仅需34 d;稳定运行时铁、锰、残余菌平均去除率为96.28%、93.18%、75.43%,出水浓度均达国家生活饮用水卫生标准(GB5749-2006);生物法可加强总铁、Fe~(2+)去除效果,滤速提高对生物法中Fe~(2+)去除能力影响显著,进水铁含量过高或过低均会影响滤层除锰能力。     

巨尾桉苗缺铁黄化病的防治

巨尾桉苗黄化病是一种生理病害,表现为缺素症,主要是缺铁。在缺铁、排水不良、碱性的土壤容易发病,改变土壤理化性的同时施铁元素以及氮、磷、钾等大量元素能使桉苗更好地恢复生长。     

间作条件下作物对铁的吸收利用和病害控制*

 合理间作不但有提高作物产量优势,而且铁的吸收利用效率也会提高,对病害控制有所加强。从目前对铁的研究而言,铁与作物病害的发生关系已有一些报道,但在间作条件下作物对铁的吸收利用和病害控制关系研究很少。因此,从间作条件下作物对铁的吸收利用、病害控制及铁对病害的影响3个方面进行文献综述和讨论具有重要科研指导意义。     

饲料中高水平铜对草鱼生长、肝胰脏和肌肉中铜铁锌含量的影响*

 摘要：研究饲料中铜对草鱼生长性能、肝胰脏和肌肉中铜铁锌含量的影响,为饲料中铜的安全添加提供理论依据。用铜含量分别为9.38(对照),28.17,46.21,80.07,208.54,439.50,679.72,873.37,1 365.42mg/kg的试验饲料,饲喂初始体重（25.57 ± 0.47）g的草鱼56d,每14d取样1次。结果表明：饲料铜含量对草鱼的成活率、特定生长率、饲料系数、鱼体水分、鱼体粗脂肪和鱼体粗灰分无显著影响(P＞0.05);而饲料铜含量≥87337mg/kg时,鱼体粗蛋白含量显著低于对照组(P＜0.05)。随着饲料铜含量的升高,草鱼肌肉铜含量无显著变化(其含量为1.52~1.65mg/kg),铁含量显著升高,锌含量则仅在14d时显著降低;肝胰脏铜含量显著升高,56d时,在铜含量1 365.42mg/kg的试验组达到22.97mg/kg;肝胰脏铁含量14d时显著升高,但在56d时呈先升高后降低趋势;肝胰脏锌含量在14d时显著降低,而在56d时,饲料铜含量≥439.50mg/kg的试验组显著高于对照组(P＜0.05)。在本试验条件下,草鱼肝胰脏和肌肉中铜含量均低于我国水产品相关标准中规定的铜的限量。     

小金海棠类黄色条纹蛋白基因MxYSL7的克隆与表达分析

为了解铁高效基因型小金海棠抗缺铁的分子机制,对与铁运输相关的YSL基因进行了克隆与分析.分析苹果的EST库得到一个686 bp的YSL基因片段.经3′-RACE及后期拼接得到1 500 bp的该基因的3′端序列.其预测蛋白含10个跨膜区,与拟南芥AtYSL7基因同源性达71%,命名为MxYSL7.RT-PCR及Northern分析表明,小金海棠的该基因只在地上部分表达:在茎与成熟叶中,随着低铁处理时间的延长,该基因表达量减少;随着高铁处理时间的延长,该基因表达量增多.新叶中的表达趋势与茎和成熟叶中的趋势正好相反.讨论了MxYSL7在小金海棠体内铁营养代谢中的作用.认为MxYSL7可能参与了体内铁在木质部和韧皮部的运输过程,并参与铁在体内的解毒过程.